Doctrine: ''Work out...'' means our faith succeeds, to the very end. All heretical ''work out[s]...'' miscarry and fail; faithful ''work out[s]...'' persevere against all odds.
Exegesis: How to finish the work by grace through faith: do so on the basis of Christ's great example (v. 12a); have absolutely no confidence in the flesh (v. 12b); depend entirely on God's power (v. 13).
Further application: What it looks like to struggle to finish the work: we will strive to love each other sincerely and to shine a lot, before the world.
Key verse: v. 12b ''..work out your own salvation with fear and trembling...''
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Rev. Mark Henninger received his Masters of Divinity from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois, and he has been Pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church in Peoria, Illinois for more than 30 years.