This section of 1 Corinthians 12 focuses on apostles, prophets, and teachers as gifted people placed in the church by God. This continues the theme of the importance of God's action of placing individuals in the body of Christ and the honor of being part of that body. Everyone is important and various ministries are given by God for the benefit of all.
To understand the term apostle, we must distinguish between authoritative apostles like Paul as described in 1 Corinthians 15:3-9 and functional terminology as likely used here.
The general use of the word is translated "messenger" in some translations. The word means "sent one." The apostles of Christ in the NT are foundational and have no successors. They gave us the faith once for all handed down to the saints.
The functional terminology used in the NT for people who are not foundational apostles could be used for church planters or missionaries. The false apostles and prophets in church history who claim to be miracle workers with new revelations are false.
Because of the confusion they have created, we often use the terms "church planters" or "missionaries" to avoid confusion. Those who prophesy in the church are bringing forth implications and applications of Scripture.
Teachers expound Scripture as Paul told Timothy and other elders to do. We end with teaching from Ephesians 2:20-21 about the foundation of the church which was laid once for all. Christ is the cornerstone.
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