The Vatican has beatified 498 Roman Catholics executed during the Spanish Civil War, in the largest ceremony of its kind ever held.
Most of the victims - nearly all of whom were clergy - were killed at the outset of the war in 1936, by militias fighting for the Republican government.
The move has been criticised by some because it recognises victims from only one side of the brutal conflict.
But the Vatican said it was not about "resentment but... reconciliation".